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Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. bought a land owned by Sahal and Suhayl. Within 7 or 8 months, Masjid An-Nabawi was completed.

In circa 622 CE (1 Hj.), the 35 meters long and 30 meters wide area had the qiblah wall to the north towards Masjid al-Aqsa (Jerusalem) and the al-Suffah (at North-East corner of mosque where Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. had ordered a covering of shady palm leaves) along the south wall.


سُبْحَنَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَسْرَىٰ بِعَبْدِهِۦ لَيْلًۭا مِّنَ ٱلْمَسْجِدِ ٱلْحَرَامِ إِلَى ٱلْمَسْجِدِ ٱلْأَقْصَا ٱلَّذِى بَرَكْنَا حَوْلَهُۥ لِنُرِيَهُۥ مِنْ ءَايَتِنَآ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلْبَصِيرُ

Safi Kaskas:
Glory be to Him who took His servant on a night journey from the Sacred Sanctuary [at Mecca] to the Remote House of Worship [Al-Aqsa Mosque at Jerusalem], whose surroundings we have blessed, so that We could show him some of Our signs--for truly, He is the All-Hearing, the All- Seeing.
Al-Isra-17, The Journey by Night Verse-1


To the west of Suffah laid Prophet Muhammad's s.a.w burial chamber. It bore testimony to his compassion for the homeless and unmarried Muhajirun (migrant Meccan companions). Having left their disbelieving families behind, it was here where they rebuilt their lives with and shared and sacrificed for Islam.



I. Battle of Khaybar (March 628, Muharram AH 7)

This battle was in response to the treachery of the Jews of Khaybar who plotted a united front against the new community settlement in Medina. The Jews had already violated the terms of the Charter of Medina and for conspired to kill Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.

This time, Banu Nadir, with the reinforcements of the Jewish tribes from Banu Wadi Qurra, Tayma and Fadak as well as with the Ghatafan (an Arab tribe) mounted the attack. The Muslims' victory meant the beaten Jews had to pay tribute for several years until they were expelled from the oasis by the second Rashidun Caliph, Umar r.a.

Safiyya bint Huyayy, daughter of the killed Banu Nadir chief Huyayy ibn Akhtab and widow of Kenana ibn al-Rabi, the treasurer of Banu Nadir, became one of the Mothers of the Believers after this battle.

The prohibition against meat of horses, mules, and donkeys, was also enacted by Prophet Muhammad s.a.w upon the Muslims (unless consumption was forced by necessity).


II. Al Baquee Cemetery (“Garden of Baqi”) or Baqi al-Gharqad (“Baqi of the Boxthorn”)

Located next to Masjid Nabawi, it is the burial space of tens of thousands of those who loved the Messenger Muhammad s.a.w. The first from the Muhajirun (migrants) to buried in Jannatul Baqi was Uthman ibn Maz’un I
of the Banu (Family of) Jamh branch of Quraysh tribe (2 AH). He was among the first fifteen people to accept Islam, tortured by the Quraysh for leaving their age-old religion, migrated to Habash (Ethiopia) twice and participated in the battle of Badr


Significant others followed thereafter, including:

Ahl al-Bayt (Family of the Prophet ﷺ)
- Al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Ali Talib, grandson of the Prophet ﷺ
- Ali ibn Husain Zayn al-Abidin, the son of Hussain and the great grandson of the Prophet ﷺ
- Muhammad al-Baqir, the son of Zayn al-‘Abidin
- Ja’far al-Sadiq, the son of Muhammad al-Baqir
- Al-Abbas ibn Abdul Muttalib, the paternal uncle of the Prophet ﷺ
- Fatima, daughter of the Prophet ﷺ

Daughters of the Prophet ﷺ
- Umm Kulthum, Ruqayya, and Zaynab, daughter of the Prophet ﷺ

Wives of the Prophet ﷺ
- Aisha bint Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, Sawda bint Zam’a, Hafsa bint Umar ibn al-Khattab, Zaynab bint Khuzayma, Umm Salama bint Abi Umayya, Juwayriyya bint al-Harith, Umm Habiba, Ramla bint Abi Sufyan, Safiyya bint Huyayy, Zaynab bint Jahsh

Relatives of the Prophet ﷺ
- Aqil ibn Abi Talib, brother of Ali ibn Abi Talib and cousin of the Prophet ﷺ
- Abdullah ibn Jafar al-Tayyar, son of Jafar ibn Abi Talib who was the Prophet’s cousin ﷺ
- Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith, the son of al-Harith ibn Abdul Muttalib and cousin and milk brother of the Prophet ﷺ (Halima al-Sa’diyya was their milk mother)

Imam Malik and Imam Nafi

Prophet’s son ﷺ and close companions
- Uthman ibn Maz’un
- Abdul Rahman ibn Awf
- Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas
- Asad ibn Zurara
- Khunais ibn Hudhafa
- Fatima bint Asad, mother of Ali ibn Abi Talib M

Martyrs of Harra
- Abdullah bin Abu Bakr, the grandson of Jafar bin Abu Talib
- Abu Bakr bin Ubaidullah, the great grandson of Umar ibn al-Khattab
- Two grandsons of Umm Salama

Caliph Uthman ibn Affan r.a.

Milk-mother Halima al-Sa’diyya r.ah
Sa’d ibn Mu’adh and Abu Sa’id al-Khudri

Aunts of the Prophet ﷺ
- Safiyya bint Abdul Muttalib
- Atika bint Abdul Muttalib


III. Quran Museum

Located near gate 5 of Masjid Nabawi showcasing historical and rare copies of Qur'aan.

Similar conceptually to Malacca Al-Quran Museum (Malaysia), "Qur'ān Of ʿUthmān” At Topkapi Museum (Istanbul, Turkey) or Bolgar Historical and Archaeological Complex (Quran Museum, Republic of Tatarstan).

This shows how Islam spread from Medina to Russia to Turkey and to Asia.


IV. List of dams in Saudi Arabia (total 482)

Lying on earth's lowest geography, it is very important to for flood control in the Ka'ba and Nabawi locales.

Madina Region - Qaa hathutha dam, Fareah dam, Alakool dam, Malal dam
Mecca Region - notable ones are in Tayif city (Arda dam, Murayfeg dam, Nawfla dam, Qrn dam) and Laya dam.

Significance of Ta'if:

Ta’if (Arabic: ٱلطَّائِف‎; aṭ-Ṭāʾif) is a city in Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, at an elevation of 1,879 m (6,165 ft) on the slopes of the Sarawat Mountains (Al-Sarawat Mountains). It has a population of 1,200,000 people and is the unofficial summer capital. The city is the center of an agricultural area known for its grapes, pomegranate, figs, roses and honey.

(i) A unique specie of rose, the Rosa damascena trigintipetala grows in the valley around Taif - the fame of the region. Its fragrance is used as ingredient for the finest perfumes by prestigious brands such as Ormonde Jayne Perfumery, Perris, Chanel, and Guerlain.

(ii) For its cooler climate and fertile land the region earned its title of "Garden of the Hejaz” whose beauty can be admired in the Al-Hada natural reserve and the village of Ash-Shafa perched at 2200 above sea level. Taif's highest point, the Jebel Daka is even the fifth highest peak of Saudi Arabia.

(iii) The first famous conquest of the city took place in 631 CE after Makkah and Tabuk were seized by Muslims armies. Therefore people of Taif accepted to destroy their idols and embraced Islam. The prophet Muhamad was given a sanctuary in Wadi Mitna in a small house now used as a mosque.

(iv) Taif was incorporated to the Ottoman Empire in 1517 along with the Hejaz after the troops of Selim I conquered the Mamluk Sultanate. In order to keep control upon the area they built a fort near the Souq Okaz, at the crossing of the main travel routes.





References:
https://madainproject.com/masjid_al_nabawi_at_the_time_of_prophet_muhammad
https://hajjumrahplanner.com/jannatul-baqi/
https://www.saudiarabiatourismguide.com/taif/
https://www.visitsaudi.com/en/see-do/destinations/taif

Videos:
Expansion of Masjid An-Nabawi - https://youtu.be/hfzDxl9yMws
Modern day shopping at Al-Noor Mall - https://youtu.be/HpHAzMRU3UE
Jannatul Baqi - https://youtu.be/oFUsmlOiiYk
Taif - https://youtu.be/xHOFLLKDr1g